Activation of G1 progression, JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase, and actin filament assembly by the exchange factor FGD1

Cdc42 has been shown to control bifurcating pathways leading to filopodia formation/G(1) cell cycle progression and to JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. To dissect these pathways further, the cellular effects induced by a Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, FGD1, have been examined. All exchange factors acting on the Rho GTPase family have juxtaposed Dbl homology (DH) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. We report here that FGD1 triggers G(1) cell cycle progression and filopodia formation in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts as well as JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in COS cell transfection assays. FGD1-induced filopodia formation is Cdc42-dependent, and both the DH and PH domains are essential. Although expression of the FGD1 DH domain alone does not activate Cdc42 and induce filopodia, it does trigger both the JNK cascade in COS cells and G(1) progression in quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells. We conclude that FGD1 can trigger G(1) progression independently of actin polymerization or integrin adhesion complex assembly. Furthermore, since FGD1 activates JNK and G(1) progression in a Cdc42-independent manner, it must have additional, as yet unidentified, targets.