Prostatitis and prostatic abscessation in dogs: retrospective study of 82 cases

Objectives To describe clinical signs, diagnostics, treatments and outcomes of prostatitis and prostatic abscesses of dogs in a referral population. Animals Eighty-two dogs diagnosed with prostatitis and/or prostatic abscesses from three referral hospitals. Procedures Retrospective case series. Results A total of 82 dogs were included, and the median age was nine years. Acute prostatitis was diagnosed in 63% of cases, chronic prostatitis in 37% of cases and 40% of cases had prostatic abscessation. Prostatomegaly was the most common ultrasonographic finding. Mineralisation was identified in 20% of cases. The results of urine and prostatic bacterial culture were concordant in only 50% of cases. Antimicrobial resistance was encountered commonly, with 29% of cultures resistant to one antimicrobial and 52% resistant to two or more antimicrobials. Abscesses were treated with either antimicrobials alone, ultrasound-guided needle drainage or surgical drainage. Conclusions and clinical relevance With antimicrobial treatment and castration, the prognosis for canine prostatitis appears good. Prostatic abscessation is commonly encountered and does not appear to infer a worse prognosis and antimicrobials alone, ultrasound-guided needle drainage and surgical drainage all appear to be reasonable treatment options. Antimicrobial resistance is commonly encountered, and the results of urine culture and susceptibility testing are frequently discordant with those from samples from the prostate. Sampling of the prostate is required to confirm a diagnosis and exclude other pathologies such as neoplasia, particularly as mineralisation is seen in a reasonable number of cases of dogs with prostatitis.