GC-MS and SPME-GC/MS Analysis and Bioactive Potential Evaluation of Essential Oils from Two Viola Species Belonging to the V. calcarata Complex

被引:6
作者
Vitalini, Sara [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Iriti, Marcello [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
Garzoli, Stefania [5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Milan, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, I-20133 Milan, Italy
[2] Univ Milan, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Phytochem Lab, I-20133 Milan, Italy
[3] Univ Milan, Natl Interuniv Consortium Mat Sci & Technol INSTM, I-20133 Milan, Italy
[4] Univ Milan, Ctr Studies Bioispired Agroenvironm Technol BAT C, I-20133 Milan, Italy
[5] Sapienza Univ, Dept Drug Chem & Technol, I-00185 Rome, Italy
关键词
Viola calcarata; Viola dubyana; alpine species; separation; chemical analysis; volatile compounds; antiradical activity; ABTS; DPPH; phytotoxicity; METHYL SALICYLATE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; PHYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY; L; GERMINATION; COMPONENTS; LEAVES;
D O I
10.3390/separations9020039
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Viola calcarata L. and Viola dubyana Burnat ex Gremli belong to the V. calcarata complex in Viola section Melanium (Violaceae family). For the first time, the essential oils (FOS) obtained by hydrodistillation from dried flowers, were analyzed by GC/MS and SPME-GC/MS to describe their volatile chemical profile. Differences in the qualitative and quantitative composition between the two violets have been found. A total of 43 compounds were identified among which methyl salicylate was the most abundant (from 45.5 to 68.0%) both in the vapor and liquid phase. The performed bioactivity tests pointed out the greater effect of V. dubyana EO compared to that obtained from V. calcarata. Nevertheless, both EOs proved to be good scavengers, especially toward the ABTS.+ radical. They also showed a dose-dependent phytotoxic action against Sinapis alba and Lolium multiflorum. Their seed germination was inhibited up to 100% and 25%, respectively, in response to the highest used dose (100 mu L) of each EO. Furthermore, a significant decrease in root and shoot length was observed. The resulting seedling vigor index was reduced by 15-100% and 8-82% for S. alba and by 11-91% and 4-91% for L. multiflorum by V. dubyana and V. calcarata EOS, respectively.
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页数:12
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