Index of resolution quality for large eddy simulations

In the light of rapidly increasing applications of large-eddy simulations (LES), it is deemed necessary to impose some quality assessment measures for such studies. The verification of LES calculations is difficult because of the fact that both the subgrid scale (SGS) model contribution and numerical discretization errors are functions of the grid resolution. In this study, various indexes of quality measures, hereafter referred to as LES-IQ, are proposed. The recommended LES-IQ is based on the Richardson extrapolation concept. This method has been applied to various cases and the calculated LES_IQ results are compared with the relative total experimental and direct numerical simulation (DNS) error defined as IQ_EX and IQ_DNS, respectively. It is postulated that in practical applications of LES, numerical dissipation will always be a significant part of the overall dissipation, and it must be accounted for in any assessment of the quality of LES. It is further suggested that LES IQ of 75% to 85% can be considered adequate for most engineering applications that typically occur at high Reynolds numbers; the proposed index is an indicator of good resolution (i.e., verification), but not necessarily a good or accurate model (i.e., validation).