Influence of weight status on 24-hour urine composition in adults without urolithiasis: A nationwide study based on a Chinese Han population

Objectives This study sought to explore the influence of different body weight statuses on 24-hour urine compositions in adults without urolithiasis based on a nationwide study of a Chinese Han population. Material and methods Twenty-four-hour urine samples from 584 Chinese Han adults without urolithiasis in six cities were analyzed. The participants were divided into four body weight status types according to their body mass indices (BMIs) according to WHO guidelines. The baseline characteristics and 24-hour urine compositions of the standard weight group were compared with those of the underweight, overweight and obese groups. The influences of different body weight statuses on the 24-hour urine compositions were explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Results The numbers of participants in the underweight, standard weight, overweight and obese status groups were 24, 376, 149 and 35, respectively. The overweight and obese groups suffered significantly higher risks of hypertension and diabetes mellitus than the standard weight group. In the univariate analyses, compared with the standard weight group, the overweight group had significantly higher levels of urine citrate (mean difference [MD] = 0.51 mmol, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15-0.87, P = 0.001), potassium (MD = 6.63 mmol, 95% CI: 1.13-12.14, P = 0.01) and magnesium (MD = 0.38 mmol, 95% CI: 0.08-0.69, P = 0.014). Significant increases in urine citrate (MD = 0.85 mmol, 95% CI: 0.01-1.68, P = 0.046), magnesium (MD = 0.69 mmol, 95% CI: 0.13-1.25, P = 0.016) and phosphate MD = 2.28 mmol, 95% CI: 0.03-4.54, P = 0.047) were found in the obese group. No significant differences were detected between the standard weight and underweight groups. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, we only observed significantly higher levels of urine potassium (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, P = 0.03) in the overweight group and phosphate (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.66, P = 0.018) in the obese group when compared with the standard weight group. Conclusions Nonstone-forming adults with overweight or obese statuses were at higher risks of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Obese nonstone-formers might have a greater risk of urinary stone formation due to increased urinary phosphate excretion. Additionally, underweight status had no influence on 24-hour urine composition.