Concept Maps as Cognitive Visualizations of Writing Assignments

Writing assignments are ubiquitous in higher education. Writing develops not only communication skills, but also higher-level cognitive processes that facilitate deep learning. Cognitive visualizations, such as concept maps, can also be used as part of learning activities including as a form of scaffolding, or to trigger reflection by making conceptual understanding visible at different stages of the learning process. We present Concept Map Miner (CMM), a tool that automatically generates Concept Maps from students' compositions, and discuss its design and implementation, its integration to a writing support environment and its evaluation on a manually annotated corpora of university essays (N=43). Results show that complete CM, with concepts and labeled relationships, are possible and its precision depends the level of summarization (number of concepts) chosen.