Measurement of post-transfusion red blood cell survival kinetics in sickle cell disease and β-Thalassemia: A biotin label approach

Background Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are an important treatment modality for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and beta-thalassemia. A subgroup of these patients relies on a chronic RBC transfusion regimen. Little is known about RBC survival (RCS) of the transfused allogeneic RBCs. In this study, we aimed to study the RCS kinetics of transfused RBCs in SCD and beta-thalassemia and to investigate factors that determine RCS. Methods and Materials We performed a prospective cohort study on fourteen adults with SCD and beta-thalassemia disease receiving a chronic transfusion regimen. RCS and the influence of donor and patient characteristics on RCS were assessed by simultaneous transfusion of two allogeneic RBCs using RBC biotinylation. Phenotyping of well-known RBC markers over time was performed using flow cytometry. Results RCS of the two transfused RBC units was similar in most patients. Although intra-individual variation was small, inter-individual variation in RCS kinetics was observed. Most patients demonstrated a non-linear trend in RCS that was different from the observed linear RCS kinetics in healthy volunteers. After an initial slight increase in the proportion of biotinylated RBCs during the first 24 h, a rapid decrease within the first 10-12 days was followed by a slower clearance rate. Conclusion These are the first data to demonstrate that patient-related factors largely determine post-transfusion RCS behavior of donor RBC in SCD and beta-thalassemia, while donor factors exert a negligible effect. Further assessment and modeling of RCS kinetics and its determinants in SCD and beta-thalassemia patients may ultimately improve transfusion therapy.