Mechanism of formation of the heaviest pollution episode ever recorded in the Yangtze River Delta, China

被引:270
作者
Fu, Qingyan [1 ,2 ]
Zhuang, Guoshun [1 ]
Wang, Jing [2 ]
Xu, Chang [1 ]
Huang, Kan [1 ]
Li, Juan [1 ]
Hou, Bing [1 ]
Lu, Tao [2 ]
Streets, David G. [3 ]
机构
[1] Fudan Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem Study, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China
[2] Shanghai Environm Monitoring Ctr, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China
[3] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
aerosol; haze; speciation; Shanghai; Yangtze River Delta;
D O I
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.002
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The heaviest aerosol pollution day in the historical record of the Yangtze River Delta occurred on 19 January 2007, in which the daily concentration of PM 10 reached 512 mu g m(-3) in Shanghai, 463 mu g m(-3) in Suzhou, 354 mu g m(-3) in Hangzhou, and 282 mu g m(-3) in Nanjing. The hourly concentrations Of PM2.5 and PM10 reached peak values of 466 and 744 mu g m(-3), respectively, in Shanghai. With visibility < 0.6 kin, the regional haze covered nearly the entire Yangtze River Delta. High ratios Of PM2.5/PM10 (61%), SO2/PM10 (0.38) and NO2/PM10 (0.24) were observed. The unusual stagnant dispersion conditions before a cold front played the predominant role in this high pollution episode, with relative humidity (RH) of 88%, both surface and upper-level inversions, as well as low wind speed (< 1 m s(-1)). The sulfur oxidation rate (SOR) reached 0.67 and the nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) reached 0.61, signifying that formation of sulfate and nitrate contributed significantly to the high secondary aerosol concentration Of PM2.5. The enrichment factors of As, Cd, and Pb reached 4058, 6971, and 3972, which were 4.45-6.68 times higher than those on good/moderate days. It was demonstrated that emissions from anthropogenic sources, especially stationary sources such as power plants, industrial boilers, and furnaces, were the major contributors to the heaviest aerosol pollution in the delta. More attention should be paid to the increases in emissions and the higher occurrence of haze days that have accompanied the rapid development of the economy in the Yangtze River Delta. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:2023 / 2036
页数:14
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