Getting the measure of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea: towards improved assessment principles and methods

被引：75

作者：

Andersen, Jesper H. ^{[1
]}

Axe, Philip ^{[2
]}

Backer, Hermanni ^{[3
]}

Carstensen, Jacob ^{[4
]}

Claussen, Ulrich ^{[5
]}

Fleming-Lehtinen, Vivi ^{[7
]}

Jarvinen, Marko ^{[6
]}

Kaartokallio, Hermanni ^{[7
]}

Knuuttila, Seppo ^{[7
]}

Korpinen, Samuli ^{[3
]}

Kubiliute, Aiste ^{[8
]}

Laamanen, Maria ^{[3
]}

Lysiak-Pastuszak, Elzbieta ^{[9
]}

Martin, Georg ^{[10
]}

Murray, Ciaran ^{[1
]}

Mohlenberg, Flemming ^{[1
]}

Nausch, Guenther ^{[11
]}

Norkko, Alf ^{[7
,12
]}

Villnas, Anna ^{[7
]}

机构：

[1] DHI, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark

[2] SMHI, S-42671 Vastra Frolunda, Sweden

[3] HELCOM, Helsinki 00160, Finland

[4] NERI, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark

[5] Fed Environm Agcy UBA, D-06844 Dessau Rosslau, Germany

[6] Jyvaskyla Off, Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland

[7] Ctr Marine Res, Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Helsinki 00251, Finland

[8] Ctr Marine Res, LT-91149 Klaipeda, Lithuania

[9] IMGW, Maritime Branch, PL-81342 Gdynia, Poland

[10] Univ Tartu, Estonian Marine Inst, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia

[11] Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res, D-18119 Rostock, Germany

[12] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Ecol Kristineberg, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden

来源：

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | 2011年 / 106卷 / 02期

关键词：

Eutrophication; Baltic Sea; Assessment; HEAT; Nutrients; Ecological status; Nutrient management strategies; LONG-TERM CHANGES; EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; FUCUS-VESICULOSUS; SECCHI DEPTH; PHYTOPLANKTON; TRANSPARENCY; MANAGEMENT; GRADIENTS; NUTRIENTS;

D O I：

10.1007/s10533-010-9508-4

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The eutrophication status of the entire Baltic Sea is classified using a multi-metric indicator-based assessment tool. A total of 189 areas are assessed using indicators where information on reference conditions (RefCon), and acceptable deviation (AcDev) from reference condition could be combined with national monitoring data from the period 2001-2006. Most areas (176) are classified as 'affected by eutrophication' and only two open water areas and 11 coastal areas are classified as 'unaffected by eutrophication'. The classification is made by application of the recently developed HELCOM Eutrophication Assessment Tool (HEAT), which is described in this paper. The use of harmonized assessment principles and the HEAT tool allows for direct comparisons between different parts of the Baltic Sea despite variations in monitoring activities. The impaired status of 176 areas is directly related to nutrient enrichment and elevated loads from upstream catchments. Baltic Sea States have implemented nutrient management strategies since years which have reduced nutrient inputs. However, eutrophication is still a major problem for large parts of the Baltic Sea. The 2007 Baltic Sea Action Plan is projected to further reduce nutrient inputs aiming for a Baltic Sea unaffected by eutrophication by 2021.

引用

页码：137 / 156

页数：20

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