Analysis of glucosyltransferase gene expression of clinical isolates of Streptococcus mutans obtained from dental plaques in response to sub-lethal doses of photoactivated disinfection

Background: Dental caries is a disease caused by a group of oral streptococcal microorganisms, primarily Strptococcus mutans. Photoactivated disinfection (PAD) has been proposed as a conservative method for treatment of carious lesions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of indocyanine green (ICG)- and toluidine blue O (TBO)-PAD as supplementary tools in reducing the bacterial load and expression profiling of the gene associated with the biofilm formation in S. mutans. Materials and methods: S. mutans strains were isolated from dental plaque samples collected from 212 patients through conventional biochemical tests and molecular methods. After identification, S. mutans strains were photosensitized in vitro with TBO and ICG, which were excited at a specific light wavelength based on the photosensitizer. After evaluating doses of TBO- and ICG-PAD contributing to sub-significant reduction of CFU/mL, ROS levels were measured with DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Eventually, TBO- and ICG-PAD effects on the gtfB gene expression were assessed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: S. mutans strains were isolated from 50 (23.5%) patients. In this study, maximum doses of TBO- and ICG-PAD contributing to sub-significant reduction of CFU/mL against S. mutans strains were 23.12 mu M/mL TBO at fluence of 68.75 J/cm(2) and 20.15 mu M/mL ICG at fluence of 31.2 J/cm(2). According to the results, 3.8- and 6.1-fold increases in the fluorescence were observed in ICG and TBO treated cells compared to the control, respectively. The expression of gtfB was down regulated to approximately 3.9- and 8.25-fold following treatment with TBO- and ICG-PAD, respectively. Conclusions: The gtfB gene expression profiling decreased in the bacterial cells, with ICG-PAD causing a greater reduction. PAD may be a promising therapy for dentinal carious lesions.