Planck Far-infrared Detection of Hyper Suprime-Cam Protoclusters at z ∼ 4: Hidden AGN and Star Formation Activity

被引：24

作者：

Kubo, Mariko ^{[1
]}

Toshikawa, Jun ^{[2
,3
]}

Kashikawa, Nobunari ^{[4
]}

Chiang, Yi-Kuan ^{[5
]}

Overzier, Roderik ^{[6
,7
]}

Uchiyama, Hisakazu ^{[1
,8
]}

Clements, David L. ^{[9
]}

Alexander, David M. ^{[10
]}

Matsuda, Yuichi ^{[1
,8
]}

Kodama, Tadayuki ^{[11
]}

Ono, Yoshiaki ^{[2
]}

Goto, Tomotsugu ^{[12
]}

Cheng, Tai-An ^{[9
]}

Ito, Kei ^{[8
]}

机构：

[1] Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan

[2] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan

[3] Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England

[4] Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan

[5] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[6] Observ Nacl, Rua JoseCristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

[7] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geophys & Atmospher Sci, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

[8] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Astron Sci, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan

[9] Imperial Coll London, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England

[10] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Ctr Extragalact Astron, Durham DH1 3LE, England

[11] Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan

[12] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, 101,Sect 2,Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2019年 / 887卷 / 02期

基金：

巴西圣保罗研究基金会; 日本学术振兴会; 日本科学技术振兴机构;

关键词：

LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; LY-ALPHA-EMITTERS; X-RAY-EMISSION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; FORMING GALAXIES; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; PROTO-CLUSTER; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SIMPLE-MODEL; HERSCHEL;

D O I：

10.3847/1538-4357/ab5a80

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We perform a stacking analysis of Planck, AKARI, Infrared Astronomical Satellite, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and Herschel images of the largest number of (candidate) protoclusters at z similar to 3.8 selected from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. Stacking the images of the 179 candidate protoclusters, the combined infrared (IR) emission of the protocluster galaxies in the observed 12-850 mu m wavelength range is successfully detected with >5 sigma significance (at Planck). This is the first time that the average IR spectral energy distribution (SED) of a protocluster has been constrained at z similar to 4. The observed IR SEDs of the protoclusters exhibit significant excess emission in the mid-IR compared to that expected from typical star-forming galaxies (SFGs). They are reproduced well using SED models of intense starburst galaxies with warm/hot dust heated by young stars, or by a population of active galactic nucleus (AGN)/SFG composites. For the pure star-forming model, a total IR (from 8-1000 mu m) luminosity of 19.3(-4.2)(+0.6) x 10(13) L-circle dot and a star formation rate of 16.3(-7.8)(+1.0) M-circle dot yr(-1) are found, whereas for the AGN/SFG composite model, 5.1(-2.5)(+2.5) x 10(13) L-circle dot and 2.1(-1.7)(+6.3) x 10(3) M-circle dot yr(-1) are found. Uncertainty remains in the total SFRs; however, the IR luminosities of the most massive protoclusters are likely to continue increasing up to z similar to 4. Meanwhile, no significant IR flux excess is observed around optically selected QSOs at similar redshifts, which confirms previous results. Our results suggest that the z similar to 4 protoclusters trace dense, intensely star-forming environments that may also host obscured AGNs missed by the selection in the optical.

引用

页数：20

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