Genetic spider monkey-based routing protocol to increase the lifetime of the network and energy management in WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) include large distributed nodes in the sensing field. However, the sensor nodes may die due to energy deficiency as they are situated in a hostile environment. Therefore, an energy-efficient WSN routing protocol is necessary in order to better accommodate the various environmental conditions. In this paper, we have proposed a new Energy-Efficient Genetic Spider Monkey-based Routing Protocol (EGSMRP) to improve the stability and lifetime of sensor nodes. The operation of EGSMRP is classified into two stages: (i) setup phase and (ii) steady-state phase. In the setup phase, GSMO-based cluster head selection procedure is done. In this phase, the base station utilizes the GSMO algorithm as a device to generate energy-efficient clusters. Followed with this, the steady-state phase solves the load balancing issue by utilizing the intracluster data broadcast and dual-hop intercluster broadcasting algorithm. Thereby, the proposed EGSMRP protocol has shown the energy-based opportunistic broadcasting with reduced control overhead. Simulation is performed in various conditions to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed EGSMRP protocol using different metrics such as throughput, control overhead, energy consumption, end-to-end delay, and network lifetime. From the simulation results, it was evident that EGSMRP has achieved a higher performance compared to other traditional approaches such as EBAR, MCTRP, IEEMARP, HMCEER, and EFTETRP.