Current practices in the management of adenovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in Europe: The AdVance study

Objective Adenovirus (AdV) infections are potentially life-threatening for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients. The AdVance study aimed to evaluate the incidence, management, and outcomes of AdV infections in European allo-HCT recipients. Methods As part of the study, physician surveys were conducted to determine current AdV screening and treatment practices at their center. Results All of the 28 respondents who treat pediatric patients reported routine AdV screening practices, with 93% screening all allo-HCT recipients and others screening those with transplant-related risk factors. Nearly all centers take a pre-emptive approach to AdV treatment in both high- (89%) and low-risk patients (75%). Among the 14 respondents who treat adult patients, 5 (36%) reported routine screening practices and few (21%) screen all allo-HCT recipients unless risk factors are present. In adults, pre-emptive AdV treatment is uncommon and quantitative AdV thresholds are rare. Typical treatment for all patients with symptomatic AdV infection is off-label intravenous cidofovir. Conclusions Our findings confirm that screening for AdV is more common in pediatric patients. Antiviral treatment is employed in both pediatric and adult patients, although adults are generally treated when AdV disease is diagnosed. The approach to AdV screening and treatment is risk-based and consistent with clinical guidelines.