Hyper-order baryon number fluctuations at finite temperature and density

被引：61

作者：

Fu, Wei-jie ^{[1
]}

Luo, Xiaofeng ^{[2
,3
]}

Pawlowski, Jan M. ^{[4
,5
]}

Rennecke, Fabian ^{[6
]}

Wen, Rui ^{[1
]}

Yin, Shi ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China

[2] Cent China Normal Univ, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys MOE, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China

[3] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China

[4] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

[5] GSI Darmstadt, ExtreMe Matter Inst EMMI, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany

[6] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW D | 2021年 / 104卷 / 09期

基金：

中国国家自然科学基金;

关键词：

HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; CHEMICAL FREEZE-OUT; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; QCD PHASE-DIAGRAM; MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSITION; CUMULANTS; DYNAMICS; PROTON;

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevD.104.094047

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Fluctuations of conserved charges are sensitive to the QCD phase transition and a possible critical end point in the phase diagram at finite density. In this work, we compute the baryon number fluctuations up to tenth order at finite temperature and density. This is done in a QCD-assisted effective theory that accurately captures the quantum- and in-medium effects of QCD at low energies. A direct computation at finite density allows us to assess the applicability of expansions around vanishing density. By using different freeze-out scenarios in heavy-ion collisions, we translate these results into baryon number fluctuations as a function of collision energy. We show that a nonmonotonic energy dependence of baryon number fluctuations can arise in the noncritical crossover region of the phase diagram. Our results compare well with recent experimental measurements of the kurtosis and the sixth-order cumulant of the net-proton distribution from the STAR Collaboration. They indicate that the experimentally observed nonmonotonic energy dependence of fourth-order net-proton fluctuations is highly nontrivial. It could be an experimental signature of an increasingly sharp chiral crossover and may indicate a QCD critical point. The physics implications and necessary upgrades of our analysis are discussed in detail.

引用

页数：25

共 137 条

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