A clinical analysis of very and extremely low birth weight preterm infants

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW)/extremely low birth weight (ELBW) preterm infants in Weihai from January 2017 to December 2019. Methods: 107 VLBW/ELBW preterm infants admitted to our hospital were recruited as the study cohort and divided into three groups: the < 1000 g group (n = 11 cases), the >= 1000 similar to 1250 g group (n = 32 cases), and the >= 1250 similar to 1500 g group (n = 64 cases). The clinical characteristics of the VLBW/ELBW preterm infants in each group were analyzed, and the hospitalization duration times, the survival rates, the ventilator use, the main complications, and the follow-ups in each group were compared statistically. Results: There were significant differences in the occurrences of maternal anemia during pregnancy, the birth weights, the gestational ages, the births of singletons, twins, or multiples, the hospitalization duration times, the occurrences of late-onset sepsis (LOS), and the occurrences of periventricular intraventricular hemorrhages (PIVH) among the three groups (P < 0.05). Our multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analyses showed that the lower the gestational age (OR = 12.56, 95% CI: 2.45 similar to 14.63, P = 0.01), the lower the birth weight (OR = 8.69, 95% CI: 1.95 similar to 10.34, P = 0.03), and the premature rupture of membranes (OR = 6.44, 95% CI: 1.03 similar to 9.77, P = 0.04) and LOS (OR = 9.64, 95% CI: 1.67 similar to 18.99, P = 0.02) would induce a higher death rate among premature infants. Furthermore, after one year of follow-up, the psychomotor development indexes (PDI) of the different birth weight groups were increased along with the birth weight, and the differences were statistically significant (X-2 = 4.19, 4.99, P = 0.027, 0.01). Conclusion: Strengthening perinatal health care and actively preventing and treating various complications are of great significance in improving the survival rate and long-term quality of life of VLBW/ELBW premature infants.