The Intercomparison Studies Program (ISP) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA) provides natural-matrix human urine quality-assurance/quality-control (QA/QC) samples to radiobioassay analysis laboratories. Samples are provided to these laboratories as "single-blind" or "double-blind" unknowns, spiked with radioactive-solution standards at "low" levels (e.g., 0-250 mBq center dot kg(-1) for alpha-emitters). Participants use the results as a tool for self-evaluation and a measure of performance. In this paper, sample preparation and the results of testing during the years 2000-2004 for the radionuclides natural uranium (U-nat), Pu-238, Pu-239, and Am-241 are presented and discussed.