Delineating the potential of the vertical and horizontal force-velocity profile for optimizing sport performance: A systematic review

The aims of this systematic review were to synthetize the current evidence about (i) the force-velocity (FV) profile parameters (maximal values of force [F-0], velocity (V-0), and power [P-max]) obtained from the Samozino's method in different sports; (ii) the association of the FV profile parameters with sport performance outcomes; and (iii) the effects of specific training programmes on the FV profile parameters. PubMed, SportDiscus, Web of Science, and Medline databases were searched for articles published between October 2008 (conception of the Samozino's method) and October 2020. Twenty-one studies (10 descriptive, 6 correlational, and 5 longitudinal) met the inclusion criteria. The main findings revealed greater F-0, P-max, and V-0 values and better jump/sprint performance for high-level athletes compared to their low-level counterparts. The vertical P-max showed the highest correlation with jump height. The horizontal F-0, P-max, and V-0 were nearly perfectly correlated with 5/10-m, 10/20-m and 30/40-m sprint times, respectively. Training programmes using heavy- or light-loads specifically enhanced F-0 and V-0, respectively. These results suggest that the FV profile parameters discriminate between athletes of different sport disciplines and levels of practice, present significant correlations with a number of sport performance outcomes, and can be modified after short-term training programmes.