Facilely fabricated Dy:PbI2/glass thin films and their structural, linear and nonlinear optical studies for opto-nonlinear applications

The fabrication of Dy:PbI2/glass (Dy = 0.0 to 0.8 wt%) films were performed using a spin coating process. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of monophasic hexagonal films growth along (001) planes. The estimated size of crystallites was noticed to be in the range of 16-22 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study indicates the strong effect of Dy content on the morphology of film surface and the grown grain sizes were in 13-70 run range. EDX/SEM e-mapping approves the existence of Dy in PbI2 films. The transparency of grown films was found to be in the range of 60 to 87%. Optical bandgap was estimated to be 2.21 eV-2.35 eV range. The values of index of refraction was found in 2-8 range. The constant of dielectric values was noted in the range of 5-50 and showed an enhancement by Dy doping. The value of x chi((1)) was noticed to be increased by Dy content doping and found in the range of 0.2-7. The chi((3)) values were calculated in the range of 3.4 x 10(-13) to 3800 x 10(-10) esu. The n(2) values were noted to be in the range of 6 x 10(-12) to 1.5 x 10(-6) esu. The remarkable enhancement on nonlinear values proposed the grown Dy:Pbl(2)/glass films for opto-nonlinear applications.