Improving Consistency of Photobiomodulation Therapy: A Novel Flat-Top Beam Hand-Piece versus Standard Gaussian Probes on Mitochondrial Activity

被引:25
作者
Amaroli, Andrea [1 ,2 ]
Arany, Praveen [3 ,4 ,5 ]
Pasquale, Claudio [2 ]
Benedicenti, Stefano [2 ]
Bosco, Alessandro [6 ]
Ravera, Silvia [7 ]
机构
[1] First Moscow State Med Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Orthoped Dent, Sechenov Univ, Moscow 119991, Russia
[2] Univ Genoa, Dept Surg & Diagnost Sci, I-16132 Genoa, Italy
[3] Univ Buffalo, Dept Oral Biol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
[4] Univ Buffalo, Dept Surg, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
[5] Univ Buffalo, Dept Biomed Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
[6] Bosco Ott Srl, I-24040 Bergamo, Italy
[7] Univ Genoa, Dept Expt Med, I-16132 Genoa, Italy
关键词
phototherapy; light therapy; low-level laser therapy; ATP; mitochondria respiratory chain; light-emitting diode; near-infrared light; energetic metabolism; LASER; COLOR; IR;
D O I
10.3390/ijms22157788
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The tremendous therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation therapy in different branches of medicine has been described in the literature. One of the molecular mechanisms for this treatment implicates the mitochondrial enzyme, cytochrome C oxidase. However, the efficacy and consistency of clinical outcomes with photobiomodulation treatments has been fiercely debated. This work was motivated by this need to improve photobiomodulation devices and delivery approaches. We designed a novel hand-piece with a flat-top beam profile of irradiation. We compared the beam profile versus a standard hand-piece and a fibre probe. We utilized isolated mitochondria and performed treatments at various spots within the beam, namely, the centre, left and right edge. We examined mitochondrial activity by assessing ATP synthesis with the luciferin/luciferase chemiluminescent method as a primary endpoint, while mitochondrial damage was assessed as the secondary endpoint. We observed a uniform distribution of the power density with the flat-top prototype compared to a wide Gaussian beam profile with the standard fibre and standard hand-piece. We noted increased production of ATP in the centre of all three beams with respect to the non-treated controls (p < 0.05). Both the fibre and standard hand-piece demonstrated less increase in ATP synthesis at the edges than the centre (p < 0.05). In contrast, ATP synthesis was increased homogenously in the flat-top handpiece, both in the centre and the edges of the beam. Fibre, standard hand-piece and the flat-top hand-piece prototype have discrete beam distribution characteristics. This significantly affected the mitochondrial activity with respect to their position within the treated areas. Flat-top hand-piece enhances the uniformity of photobiomodulation treatments and can improve the rigour and reproducibility of PBM clinical outcomes.
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页数:10
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