Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Remission (MDR) Score: a New Preoperative Scoring System for Predicting Type 2 Diabetes Remission at 1 Year After Metabolic Surgery in the Singapore Multi-ethnic Asian Setting

Purpose The utility of available scoring systems for type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission prediction after metabolic surgery has not been defined in a multi-ethnic Asian population like Singapore. We sought to assess the predictive performance of the Asia-developed ABCD scoring system for T2D remission after metabolic surgery, and develop a new algorithm to improve prediction. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of adults with T2D who underwent either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy between 2007 and 2018, and followed for 1 year postoperatively (n = 114, mean age 46 +/- 9 years, 48.2% men, body mass index 40.1 +/- 6.6 kg/m(2)). The primary outcome was complete T2D remission defined as HbA1c < 6% without the use of anti-diabetic medication at 1 year after surgery. Results Complete T2D remission was observed in 47.4% of subjects at 1 year post-surgery. Stepwise logistic regression identified preoperative age, T2D duration, HbA1c, and beta-cell function (estimated by the homeostasis model) as predictors of complete T2D remission. Based on these four variables, we constructed a new 10-point scoring system named Metabolic surgery Diabetes Remission (MDR) score. Compared with ABCD, MDR produced fewer misclassifications at the mid-high scores, achieving a predictive accuracy of 71-100% at 6 points and above. In addition, MDR achieved a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than ABCD for the primary outcome (0.79 versus 0.67, P = 0.007). Conclusion MDR may serve as a useful clinical scoring system for predicting short-term T2D remission after metabolic surgery in Singapore's multi-ethnic Asian cohort.