Diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas

Purpose of review Pituitary adenomas are frequently encountered in practice either because of clinical symptoms or as incidental findings. These tumors may alter pituitary function and can therefore have a considerable impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. Recent findings The presentation is variable for each type of tumor, with microadenomas being either silent or manifesting with symptoms of hormonal excess. In contrast, macroadenomas may present with mass effect. The various histologic types include prolactinomas, nonfunctioning adenomas, somatotropinomas, corticotropinomas, and thyrotropinomas. The present article will serve as an update on the diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas. Advances in medical management for each tumor are discussed, highlighting new therapeutic alternatives. The role of surgery is also reviewed. Recommendations on the surveillance and postoperative monitoring of patients are emphasized. Summary Newer methods in the diagnosis and treatment for pituitary adenomas greatly expand our ability to care for affected patients.