Simple phalanx pattern leads to energy saving in cohesive fish schooling

被引:147
作者
Ashraf, Intesaaf [1 ]
Bradshaw, Hanae [1 ]
Thanh-Tung Ha [1 ]
Halloy, Jose [2 ]
Godoy-Diana, Ramiro [1 ]
Thiria, Benjamin [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Paris Diderot Paris 7, Paris Sci & Lettres Res Univ,Univ Pierre & Marie, Sorbonne Univ,Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS UMR 7636, Ecole Super Phys & Chim Ind Paris,Lab Phys & Meca, F-75005 Paris, France
[2] Univ Paris Diderot Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Lab Interdisciplinaire Energies Demain, UMR CNRS 8236, Batiment Condorcet, F-75013 Paris, France
关键词
fish swimming; collective dynamics; pattern formation; synchronization; energy efficiency; TAIL BEAT FREQUENCY; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; BLUEFIN TUNA; SIMULATIONS; PREDICTOR; SINGLE; SPEED; BODY;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.1706503114
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The question of how individuals in a population organize when living in groups arises for systems as different as a swarm of microorganisms or a flock of seagulls. The different patterns for moving collectively involve a wide spectrum of reasons, such as evading predators or optimizing food prospection. Also, the schooling pattern has often been associated with an advantage in terms of energy consumption. In this study, we use a popular aquarium fish, the red nose tetra fish, Hemigrammus bleheri, which is known to swim in highly cohesive groups, to analyze the schooling dynamics. In our experiments, fish swim in a shallow-water tunnel with controlled velocity, and stereoscopic video recordings are used to track the 3D positions of each individual in a school, as well as their tail-beating kinematics. Challenging the widespread idea of fish favoring a diamond pattern to swim more efficiently [Weihs D (1973) Nature 241:290-291], we observe that when fish are forced to swim fast well above their free-swimming typical velocity, and hence in a situation where efficient swimming would be favored the most frequent configuration is the "phalanx" or "soldier" formation, with all individuals swimming side by side. We explain this observation by considering the advantages of tail-beating synchronization between neighbors, which we have also characterized. Most importantly, we show that schooling is advantageous as compared with swimming alone from an energy-efficiency perspective.
引用
收藏
页码:9599 / 9604
页数:6
相关论文
共 41 条
[1]   RISK OF PREDATION, HYDRODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SCHOOL STRUCTURE [J].
ABRAHAMS, MV ;
COLGAN, PW .
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES, 1985, 13 (03) :195-202
[2]  
Adkins D., 2006, J BIONIC ENG, V3, P147, DOI [DOI 10.1016/S1672-6529, 10.1016/S1672-6529(06)60018-8]
[3]   Synchronization and collective swimming patterns in fish (Hemigrammus bleheri) [J].
Ashraf, I. ;
Godoy-Diana, R. ;
Halloy, J. ;
Collignon, B. ;
Thiria, B. .
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE, 2016, 13 (123)
[4]   Hydrodynamics of the bluegill sunfish C-start escape response: three-dimensional simulations and comparison with experimental data [J].
Borazjani, Iman ;
Sotiropoulos, Fotis ;
Tytell, Eric D. ;
Lauder, George V. .
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, 2012, 215 (04) :671-684
[5]   Scaling of metabolic rate with body mass and temperature in teleost fish [J].
Clarke, A ;
Johnston, NM .
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY, 1999, 68 (05) :893-905
[6]   Collective motion of organisms in three dimensions [J].
Czirók, A ;
Vicsek, M ;
Vicsek, T .
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS, 1999, 264 (1-2) :299-304
[7]   The hydrodynamic advantages of synchronized swimming in a rectangular pattern [J].
Daghooghi, Mohsen ;
Borazjani, Iman .
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS, 2015, 10 (05)
[8]   Characteristics of flow over traveling wavy foils in a side-by-side arrangement [J].
Dong, Gen-Jin ;
Lu, Xi-Yun .
PHYSICS OF FLUIDS, 2007, 19 (05)
[9]   NATURE OF PREY SELECTION BY PLANKTIVOROUS FISH [J].
EGGERS, DM .
ECOLOGY, 1977, 58 (01) :46-59
[10]   Fish lateral system is required for accurate control of shoaling behaviour [J].
Faucher, Karine ;
Parmentier, Eric ;
Becco, Christophe ;
Vandewalle, Nicolas ;
Vandewalle, Pierre .
ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, 2010, 79 (03) :679-687