Computer vision-based recognition of 3D relationship between construction entities for monitoring struck-by accidents

Struck-by accidents often cause serious injuries in construction. Monitoring of the struck-by hazards in terms of spatial relationship between a worker and a heavy vehicle is crucial to prevent such accidents. The computer vision-based technique has been put forward for monitoring the struck-by hazards but there exists shortages such as spatial relationship distortion due to two-dimensional (2D) image pixels-based estimation and self-occlusion of heavy vehicles. This study is aimed to address these problems, including the detection of workers and heavy vehicles, three-dimensional (3D) bounding box reconstruction for the detected objects, depth and range estimation in the monocular 2D vision, and 3D spatial relationship recognition. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed method. The proposed method is expected to estimate 3D spatial relationship between construction worker and heavy vehicle in a real-time and view-invariant manner, thus enhancing struck-by hazards monitoring at the construction site.