Comparison of salivary nitric oxide and oral health in diabetic patients with and without xerostomia

Background and objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic multi-systemic metabolic disorder; diabetic patients are more prone to xerostomia and oral health problems than others. There are evidences that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in healthy salivary gland function, prevention of insulin resistance and progression of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to compare the salivary NO level between type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with and without xerostomia. Methods: In this case control study, 70 patients with T2DM, which were matched according to age, sex, type of disease control, were enrolled conveniently. The subjects based on abeslang test were allocated to the two groups; 35 patients with xerostomia and 35 patients without xerostomia. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected by spitting method. NO levels was measured by ELISA method using Griess reaction. Data was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis to examine the association of salivary NO and xerostomia. Results: The mean and standard deviation of salivary NO in the diabetic subjects with xerostomia was significantly lower than diabetic subjects without xerostomia (138 +/- 94.58 mu mol/L vs. 356.61 +/- 302.81 mu mol/L (P-value = 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, salivary NO level was associated with 0.994 fold decreased risk of xerostomia in diabetic subjects after adjustment for age, gender, FBS and HbA1c. Conclusions: The present study indicates salivary nitric oxide level was a predictor of xerostomia in diabetic patients. More longitudinal studies are necessary to understand the association of salivary NO level with diabetes-induced xerostomia. (C) 2019 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.