Further Observations on Water Oxidation Catalyzed by Mononuclear Ru(II) Complexes

A family of 28 mononuclear Ru(II) complexes have been prepared and characterized by H-1 NMR, electronic absorption, and cyclic voltammetry. These complexes are studied as catalysts for water oxidation. All the catalysts possess one tridentate ligand, closely related to 2,2';6,2 ''-terpyridine (tpy) and may be divided into two basic types. In the type-1 catalyst, the three remaining coordination sites are occupied by a bidentate closely related to 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and a monodentate halogen (Br, Cl, or I) or water molecule. In the type-2 catalyst, the three remaining coordination sites are occupied by two axial 4-picoline molecules and an equatorial halogen or water. In general the type-2 catalysts are more reactive than the type-1. The type-2 iodo-catalyst shows first-order behavior and, unlike the bromo- and chloro-catalysts, does not require water-halogen exchange to show good activity. The importance of steric strain and hindrance around the metal center is examined. The introduction of three t-butyl groups at the 4, 4', and 4 '' positions of tpy sometimes improves catalyst activity, but the effect does not appear to be additive.