An ex vivo study on radiofrequency tissue ablation: increased lesion size by using an "expandable-wet" electrode

The present comparative study was conducted to validate a newly developed "expandable-wet" electrode for an increased lesion size of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on excised beef liver. The expandable-wet electrode, which allows interstitial hypertonic saline infusion through retractable curved needles, was compared with "expanded-dry" and "unexpended-wet" electrodes for RFA lesion size and other parameters. A total of 120 lesions were created under 50 W (groups A-C) and 90 W (groups A'-C') power control mode for 10 min at each ablation site with the following groups: group A and A' of expanded-dry electrode (needles deployed but saline uninfused); group B and B' of unexpended-wet electrode (saline infused but needle undeployed); and group C and C' of expanded-wet electrode (needles deployed and saline infused). Together with lower impedance and higher power output, the lesion size in group C (5.3 +/- 0.4 cm) and C' (6.0 +/- 1.0 cm) were significantly larger (P < 0.01) than that in group A (3.3 +/- 0.3 cm) and A' (2.0 +/- 0.2 cm), and group B (3.8 +/- 1.0 cm) and B' (2.6 +/- 0.4 cm). The RFA lesion size can be significantly enlarged when the expandable electrode is complemented with interstitial hypertonic saline infusion. This design may improve the efficacy of RF tumor ablation.