Image segmentation of underfloor scenes using a mask regions convolutional neural network with two-stage transfer learning

Enclosed spaces are common in built structures but pose a challenge to many forms of manual or robotic surveying and maintenance tasks. Part of this challenge is to train robot systems to understand their environment without human intervention. This paper presents a method to automatically classify features within a closed void using deep learning. Specifically, the paper considers a robot placed under floorboards for the purpose of autonomously surveying the underfloor void. The robot uses images captured using an RGB camera to identify regions such as floorboards, joists, air vents and pipework. The paper first presents a standard mask regions convolutional neural network approach, which gives modest performance. The method is then enhanced using a two-stage transfer learning approach with an existing dataset for interior scenes. The conclusion from this work is that, even with limited training data, it is possible to automatically detect many common features of such areas.