Enhancement of ion dynamics in organic ionic plastic crystal/PVDF composite electrolytes prepared by co-electrospinning

Electrospun fibers are widely used in composite material design and fabrication due to their high aspect ratio, high surface area and favorable mechanical properties. In this report, novel organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC) modified poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) composite fiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning. These composite materials are of interest for application as solid electrolytes in devices including lithium and sodium batteries. The influence of the OIPC, N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate [C(2)mpyr][BF4], on the morphology and phase behavior of the composite fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Compared with pure electrospun PVDF fibers, which have an electroactive beta phase and a small amount of non-polar alpha phase, the ion-dipole interaction between OIPC and the polymer in the co-electrospun composite system can reduce the non-polar alpha phase PVDF, resulting in almost entirely electroactive beta phase PVDF. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that the ion-dipole interaction between the OIPC and PVDF can also interrupt the crystalline structure of the OIPC. Solid state NMR analysis also reveals different molecular dynamics of the [C(2)mpyr][BF4] in co-electrospun fibers compared with pure OIPC. Thus, electrospun [(C)2mpyr][BF4]/PVDF composite fibers that combine both increased ionic conductivity and almost pure beta phase PVDF are demonstrated.