Innate Immunity in Children and the Role of ACE2 Expression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

被引：22

作者：

Dioguardi, Mario ^{[1
]}

Cazzolla, Angela Pia ^{[1
]}

Arena, Claudia ^{[1
]}

Sovereto, Diego ^{[1
]}

Caloro, Giorgia Apollonia ^{[2
]}

Dioguardi, Antonio ^{[3
]}

Crincoli, Vito ^{[4
]}

Laino, Luigi ^{[5
]}

Troiano, Giuseppe ^{[1
]}

Lo Muzio, Lorenzo ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Foggia, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Via Rovelli 50, I-71122 Foggia, Italy

[2] ASL Azienda Sanit Locale Lecce, Unita Operat Nefrol & Dialisi, Presidio Ospedaliero Scorrano, Via Giuseppina Delli Ponti, I-73020 Scorrano, Italy

[3] ASL Azienda Sanit Locale Foggia Contrada Fontanel, USCA Unita Speciali Continuita Assistenziale Troi, I-71029 Troia, Italy

[4] Univ Bari, Dept Basic Med Sci Neurosci & Sensory Organs, Div Complex Operating, Unit Dent, Piazza G Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy

[5] Univ Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Multidisciplinary Dept Med Surg & Odontostomatol, I-80121 Naples, Italy

来源：

PEDIATRIC REPORTS | 2021年 / 13卷 / 03期

关键词：

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; ACE-2; adolescents; children; ARTICLE CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; COVID-19; CORONAVIRUS; TIMES; RISK; PATHOGENESIS; HEALTHY; PROTEIN; OBESITY;

D O I：

10.3390/pediatric13030045

中图分类号：

R72 [儿科学];

学科分类号：

100202 ;

摘要：

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is an emerging viral disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which leads to severe respiratory infections in humans. The first reports came in December 2019 from the city of Wuhan in the province of Hubei in China. It was immediately clear that children developed a milder disease than adults. The reasons for the milder course of the disease were attributed to several factors: innate immunity, difference in ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme II) receptor expression, and previous infections with other common coronaviruses (CovH). This literature review aims to summarize aspects of innate immunity by focusing on the role of ACE2 expression and viral infections in children in modulating the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles deemed potentially eligible were considered, including those dealing with COVID-19 in children and providing more up-to-date and significant data in terms of epidemiology, prognosis, course, and symptoms, focusing on the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 disease in children. The bibliographic search was conducted using the search engines PubMed and Scopus. The following search terms were entered in PubMed and Scopus: COVID-19 AND ACE2 AND Children; COVID-19 AND Immunity innate AND children. The search identified 857 records, and 18 studies were applicable based on inclusion and exclusion criteria that addressed the issues of COVID-19 concerning the role of ACE2 expression in children. The scientific literature agrees that children develop milder COVID-19 disease than adults. Milder symptomatology could be attributed to innate immunity or previous CovH virus infections, while it is not yet fully understood how the differential expression of ACE2 in children could contribute to milder disease.

引用

页码：363 / 382

页数：20

共 81 条

[71] The COVID-19 epidemic [J].

Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P. ;

Meyer, Christian G. .

TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH, 2020, 25 (03) :278-280

[72] SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 gene expression in small intestine correlates with age [J].

Vuille-dit-Bille, Raphael N. ;

Liechty, Kenneth W. ;

Verrey, Francois ;

Guglielmetti, Laura C. .

AMINO ACIDS, 2020, 52 (6-7) :1063-1065

[73] Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 [J].

Woelfel, Roman ;

Corman, Victor M. ;

Guggemos, Wolfgang ;

Seilmaier, Michael ;

Zange, Sabine ;

Mueller, Marcel A. ;

Niemeyer, Daniela ;

Jones, Terry C. ;

Vollmar, Patrick ;

Rothe, Camilla ;

Hoelscher, Michael ;

Bleicker, Tobias ;

Bruenink, Sebastian ;

Schneider, Julia ;

Ehmann, Rosina ;

Zwirglmaier, Katrin ;

Drosten, Christian ;

Wendtner, Clemens .

NATURE, 2020, 581 (7809) :465-+

[74] A child confirmed COVID-19 with only symptoms of conjunctivitis and eyelid dermatitis [J].

Wu, Ping ;

Liang, Liang ;

Chen, ChunBao ;

Nie, ShengQiong .

GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, 2020, 258 (07) :1565-1566

[75] Coinfection and Other Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Children [J].

Wu, Qin ;

Xing, Yuhan ;

Shi, Lei ;

Li, Wenjie ;

Gao, Yang ;

Pan, Silin ;

Wang, Ying ;

Wang, Wendi ;

Xing, Quansheng .

PEDIATRICS, 2020, 146 (01)

[76] Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (BARS-CoV)-2 infection induces dysregulation of immunity: in silico gene expression analysis [J].

Wu, Yen-Hung ;

Yeh, I-Jeng ;

Nam Nhut Phan ;

Yen, Meng-Chi ;

Liu, Hsin-Liang ;

Wang, Chih-Yang ;

Hsu, Hui-Ping .

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2021, 18 (05) :1143-1152

[77] MDA5 Governs the Innate Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Lung Epithelial Cells [J].

Yin, Xin ;

Riva, Laura ;

Pu, Yuan ;

Martin-Sancho, Laura ;

Kanamune, Jun ;

Yamamoto, Yuki ;

Sakai, Kouji ;

Gotoh, Shimpei ;

Miorin, Lisa ;

De Jesus, Paul D. ;

Yang, Chih-Cheng ;

Herbert, Kristina M. ;

Yoh, Sunnie ;

Hultquist, Judd F. ;

Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo ;

Chanda, Sumit K. .

CELL REPORTS, 2021, 34 (02)

[78] Pediatric Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Clinical Presentation, Infectivity, and Immune Responses [J].

Yonker, Lael M. ;

Neilan, Anne M. ;

Bartsch, Yannic ;

Patel, Ankit B. ;

Regan, James ;

Arya, Puneeta ;

Gootkind, Elizabeth ;

Park, Grace ;

Hardcastle, Margot ;

St John, Anita ;

Appleman, Lori ;

Chiu, Michelle L. ;

Fialkowski, Allison ;

De la Flor, Denis ;

Lima, Rosiane ;

Bordt, Evan A. ;

Yockey, Laura J. ;

D'Avino, Paolo ;

Fischinger, Stephanie ;

Shui, Jessica E. ;

Lerou, Paul H. ;

Bonventre, Joseph, V ;

Yu, Xu G. ;

Ryan, Edward T. ;

Bassett, Ingrid, V ;

Irimia, Daniel ;

Edlow, Andrea G. ;

Alter, Galit ;

Li, Jonathan Z. ;

Fasano, Alessio .

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS, 2020, 227 :45-+

[79]

Zhang Z, 2021, Clin Infect Dis, DOI DOI 10.1093/CID/CIAA1911

[80] Clinical analysis and pluripotent stem cells-based model reveal possible impacts of ACE2 and lung progenitor cells on infants vulnerable to COVID-19 [J].

Zhang, Zhao ;

Guo, Liyan ;

Lu, Xiaoxia ;

Zhang, Che ;

Huang, Li ;

Wang, Xianfeng ;

Duan, Fuyu ;

Liang, Huiying ;

Chen, Peikai ;

Zeng, Liang ;

Shao, Jianbo ;

Li, Hui ;

Li, Le ;

Liu, Li ;

Li, Cheng ;

Zhang, Jinqiu ;

Yan, Chui ;

Kwan, Ka Yi ;

Liu, Wei ;

Xu, Yi ;

Gu, Xiaoqiong ;

Jiang, Hua ;

Du, Hui ;

Zhang, Ting ;

Wu, Yanheng ;

Yu, Guangyin ;

Chen, Junhui ;

Luo, Ruibang ;

Liao, Can ;

Tse, Hung-fat ;

Chen, Zhiwei ;

Chen, Huanhuan Joyce ;

Xia, Huimin ;

Lian, Qizhou .

THERANOSTICS, 2021, 11 (05) :2170-2181

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 →