Developing Water Source Diagram method for effective utilization of regeneration unit in water networks: Multiple-contaminant problems

Despite being well disseminated, most algorithmic-algebraic methods of process integration still have gaps in the issue of multiple contaminants, especially when it comes to situations that include regeneration. To fill this gap, a new approach using Water Source Diagram in water systems covering fixed load problems and fixed flow rate problems with multiple contaminants and considering regeneration recycling is proposed in the present research. Algorithmic-algebraic methods for modifying water networks, considering the addition of regeneration units, should be designed in such a way as to suit the requirements of water-consuming operations and with the least increase in the costs. Three examples from the literature have been solved using the proposed algorithm, and the results obtained are comparable to those obtained in the literature using algebraic and mathematical methods. Also, the solution is defined in such a way that if an industrial unit wants to use a treatment plant to reduce freshwater consumption, three major factors are determined: a) the optimal post-regeneration concentration, b) the minimum regenerated water flow rate, and c) the appropriate water sources to be regenerated.