Novel VDBA based universal filter topologies with minimum passive components

In this research, voltage differencing buffered amplifier (VDBA) is utilized in designing three novel multi-input single output (MISO) topologies of universal filters. The designed filters employ minimum number of passive components and did not require any passive component matching condition. Two of the designed filters can work in dual mode of operation simultaneously. The designed filters have inbuilt tunability property. The nonideal gain analysis and sensitivity analysis of the filters are also carried out to study the effect of process variations and process spread on the filter responses. The complete layout of the VDBA is designed using 0.18 mu m Silterra Malaysia process design kit (PDK) in Cadence design software. The parasitic extraction is done using Mentor graphics Calibre tool. The postlayout simulations bear close resemblance with the theoretical predictions.