Amide proton transfer (APT) magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer: comparison with Gleason scores

To evaluate the utility of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging in estimating the Gleason score (GS) of prostate cancer (Pca). Sixty-six biopsy-proven cancers were categorized into four groups according to the GS: GS-6 (3 + 3); GS-7 (3 + 4/4 + 3); GS-8 (4 + 4) and GS-9 (4 + 5/5 + 4). APT signal intensities (APT SIs) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of each GS group were compared by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's HSD post hoc test. The mean and standard deviation of the APT SIs (%) and ADC values (x10(-3) mm(2)/s) were as follows: GS-6, 2.48 +/- 0.59 and 1.16 +/- 0.26; GS-7, 5.17 +/- 0.66 and 0.92 +/- 0.18; GS-8, 2.56 +/- 0.85 and 0.86 +/- 0.17; GS-9, 1.96 +/- 0.75 and 0.85 +/- 0.18, respectively. The APT SI of the GS-7 group was highest, and there were significant differences between the GS-6 and GS-7 groups and the GS-7 and GS-9 groups (p < 0.05). The ADC value of the GS-6 group was significantly higher than each value of the GS-7, GS-8, and GS-9 groups (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were obtained among the GS-7, GS-8, and GS-9 groups. The mean APT SI in Pca with a GS of 7 was higher than that for the other GS groups.