A Review on Data transmission techniques for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), sensor nodes are densely deployed over the region to monitor the environmental conditions like Temperature, Pressure, Sound, Vibration and Light. These networks are widely used in various fields such as medical, industrial monitoring, building and home automation or military surveillance. Sensor nodes in WSN continuously transfer the sensed information to Base Station. The energy of these nodes gets drained easily because sensor nodes have limited batteries equipped with them. It is impractical to recharge or replace their batteries being deployed in harsh environments. So, the power constrained nodes make energy consumption a predominant design issue. Energy Efficiency becomes the biggest requirement in sensor network in order to increase its total lifetime. Based on energy efficiency, this paper concentrates on review of data transmission techniques such as direct transmission; Clustering based transmission and Gateway communication.