Analysis of IoT and Communication Technologies to Develop Waste Management Service Framework for Smart City

The recent advancements in Internet and the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have engendered the usability of various electronic devices, namely radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, different sensors, and other intelligent devices. The ubiquitous Internet connectivity and significant enhancement in data transfer speed have also increased the utilization of geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS). Devices with significant computational capabilities and those have incorporated to make the objects intelligent/smart have been used to monitor and collect information about the environment of the city. All these devices have also been applied to build the service framework for smart city. Solid waste management (SWM) has identified as a criticial issue in prospect of enviromental pollution and smart city development. This study thoroughly analyses the literature and identifies various IoT and communication technologies to develop the novel framework for SWM services. The study also illustrates these technologies and suggest a novel SWM framework. The SWM framework comprises of three components, namely smart truck, smart bin and work server to perform the real-time monitoring of waste level in the bin and routes optimization for efficient collection of waste. The smart bin design incorporates various sensors such as ultrasonic, temperature, humidity, loadcell, proximity, and accelerometer along with radio frequency identification (RFID) tag and wireless communication module such as global system for mobile communication (GSM) and wireless fidelity (WiFi). The smart truck is equipped with RFID reader, global positioning system (GPS), and wireless communication modules. The web server comprises web server, city cloud, database management system along route optimization and decision-making programs. The framework based on above devices will provide the significant advantage to the SWM services.