Block copolymers in emulsion and dispersion polymerization

This article deals with recent progress including the authors' work concerning the application of block copolymers as polymeric surfactants in heterophase polymerizations. The synthesis methods for preparing block copolymers by emulsion and dispersion techniques are outlined, with emphasis on recently developed controlled free radical polymerizations in aqueous media. Specific characteristics of amphiphilic block copolymers are described, for example, micellization and emulsifying effects. A general overview of emulsion and dispersion polymerization in an aqueous and organic medium with ionic and nonionic block copolymers is presented for the preparation of electrosteric and sterically stabilized latex particles. Typical examples of microemulsion, miniemulsion, oil-in-oil emulsion, and micellar polymerizations are provided. Current and potential developments of so-called "hairy latexes", inverse-, multiple-, and solid emulsions, as well as of nonaqueous polymeric dispersions are also discussed.