Lifestyle Intervention in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen Suppression Therapy: A Feasibility Study

Background: Healthy lifestyle behaviors could have a role in ameliorating some of the adverse effects of androgen suppression therapy (AST) in men with prostate cancer. The primary aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a tapered supervised exercise program in combination with dietary advice in men with advanced prostate cancer receiving AST. Methods: Advanced prostate cancer patients receiving AST for a minimum of 6 months were randomized to a 12-week lifestyle program comprising aerobic and resistance exercise, plus dietary advice (n = 25), or standard care (n = 25). Exercise behavior, dietary macronutrient intake, quality of life, fatigue, functional fitness, and biomarkers associated with disease progression were assessed at baseline, after the intervention, and at 6 months. Results: The lifestyle group showed improvements in exercise behavior (P < 0.001), dietary fat intake (P 0.001), total energy intake (P = 0.005), fatigue (P = 0.002), aerobic exercise tolerance (P < 0.001), and muscle strength (P = 0.033) compared with standard care controls. Although a high rate of attrition (44%) was observed at 6 months, the improvements in key health outcomes were sustained. No effects on clinical prostate cancer disease markers were observed. Conclusions: This preliminary evidence suggests that pragmatic lifestyle interventions have potential to evoke improvements in exercise and dietary behavior, in addition to other important health outcomes in men with advanced prostate cancer receiving AST. Impact: This study shows for the first time that pragmatic lifestyle interventions are feasible and could have a positive impact on health behaviors and other key outcomes in men with advanced prostate cancer receiving AST. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(4); 647-57. (C) 2011 AACR.