Ratcheting of stainless steel 304 under multiaxial nonproportional loading

Ratcheting tests are conducted on stainless steel 304 under uniaxial, torsional, and combined axial-torsional loading. The ratcheting strain is predicted based on the constitutive theory that incorporates a modified Ohno-Wang kinematic hardening rule and Tanaka's isotropic hardening model. The results show that the main features of the stress-strain response can be simulated with the constitutive model. The experimental and predicted ratcheting strains for nonproportional paths are found in decent correlation. Ratcheting strain depends highly on the loading path and load level, and less on cyclic hardening or softening of the material. The torsional ratcheting strain under mean shear stress with (or without) fully reversed axial strain cycling is found close to the axial ratcheting strain under equivalent mean stress with (or without) torsional strain cycling.