Utility of magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus from T2-weighted hyperintense leiomyomas

Purpose To generate a new discrimination method to distinguish between malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus and T2-weighted hyperintense leiomyoma based on magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical features. Materials and methods Data from 32 tumors of 32 patients with malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus and from 34 tumors of 30 patients with T2-weighted hyperintense leiomyoma were analyzed. Clinical parameters, qualitative magnetic resonance imaging features, including computed diffusion-weighted imaging, and quantitative characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging of these two tumor types were compared. Predictive values for malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus were calculated using variant discriminant analysis. Results The T1 bright area on qualitative assessment and mean apparent diffusion coefficient value on quantitative assessment yielded the most independent magnetic resonance imaging differentiators of malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus and T2-weighted hyperintense leiomyoma. The classification accuracy of the variant discriminant analysis based on three selected findings, i.e., a T1 bright area, computed diffusion-weighted imaging with a b-value of 2000s/mm(2) (cDWI(2000)), and T2-hypointense bands, was 84.8% (56/66), indicating high accuracy. Conclusions Variant discriminant analysis using the T1 bright area, cDWI(2000), and T2-hypointense bands yielded high accuracy for differentiating between malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus and T2-weighted hyperintense leiomyoma.