Synthesis and SAR of thrombin inhibitors incorporating a novel 4-amino-morpholinone scaffold:: Analysis of X-ray crystal structure of enzyme inhibitor complex

A 4-amino-2-carboxymethyl-3-morpholinone structural motif derived from malic acid has been used to Mimic D-Phe-Pro in the thrombin inhibiting tripeptide D-Phe-Pro-Arg. The arginine in D-Phe-Pro-Arg was replaced by the more rigid P1 truncated p-amidinobenzylamine (Pab). These new thrombin inhibitors were used to probe the inhibitor binding site of alpha-thrombin. The best candidate in this series of thrombin inhibitors exhibits an in vitro IC50 of 0.130 muM. Interestingly, the stereochemistry of the 4-amino-2-carboxymethyl-3-morpholinone motif is reversed for the most active compounds compared to that of a previously reported 2-carboxymethyl-3-morpholinone series. The X-ray crystal structure of the lead inhibitor cocrystallized with alpha-thrombin is discussed.