The Complexity of Medical Device Regulations Has Increased, as Assessed through Data-Driven Techniques

Medical device regulations are dynamic, as they need to cover an ever changing landscape. In Europe this has led to a new set of regulations (both for Medical Devices and In Vitro Diagnostics), which replaced the old rules. This study is interested in how the complexity of these medical regulations changed over time and if additional time-based metrics can be associated with any of the complexity metrics. Complexity is defined in terms of readability of the text and it is computed using established linguistic measures, as well as Halstead complexity scores. It was shown that the regulatory complexity of new EU medical device regulations was higher than their predecessors, especially when Halstead complexity measures were considered. The complexity metrics obtained for the new regulations were subsequently associated with the time it took to consider these regulations. Only very weak Pearson's correlation coefficients were found between the complexity scores and the obtained response times for the new regulations. This could indicate that there are issues with how complexity is perceived by those that need to apply these regulations. Taking the complexity of regulations into account can greatly help with the development of more user friendly regulations. The results from the data-driven methods that are applied in this research indicate that governments could benefit from focusing on making regulations more accessible and utilitarian. This would improve the stakeholder adherence and facilitate effective implementation. This work also highlighted the need to develop more suitable methods to analyse regulatory text to further inform the wider research community.