Potential adjunct therapies for the management of temporomandibular disorders: An evidence-based review

Objective The aim was to review the role of adjuvant therapies that may potentially contribute toward the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods The addressed focused question was, "Are there any adjuvant therapies that may contribute toward the management of TMD?". Indexed databases were searched up to June 2021. The eligibility criteria were the following: (a) original clinical studies and (b) randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Results Adjuvant therapies were comprised of acupuncture, manual therapy, jaw exercises, dietary modifications, botulinum toxin therapy, and photobiomodulation. Short-term follow-up results from each of these RCTs showed beneficial effects in terms of pain reduction and improvements in jaw movement among patients with TMD. There are no long-term follow-up results in this regard. Conclusion The most effective adjunct treatment for managing TMD remains unknown, primarily due to a lack of sufficient scientific evidence.