Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Concurrent Psoriasis: Comparison of Epidemiology, Comorbidity Profiles, and Risk Factors

Introduction Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating, and inflammatory skin disease. The epidemiology of HS varies greatly, with an estimated prevalence ranging from 0.03% to 4% worldwide. Similar to psoriasis (PsO), HS also exhibits a systemic inflammatory nature with a spectrum of systemic comorbidities. A large health insurance claims (HICs) database is analyzed to determine the demography and epidemiology of HS, PsO, and HS with concurrent PsO (HS-PsO) patients. Furthermore, the comorbidity profiles, including the comorbidity risk of these patient populations, are analyzed. Methods This is a noninterventional retrospective analysis of anonymized HICs data using a subset of the Institute of Applied Health Research Berlin (InGef) database. The primary outcome is the prevalence and incidence of HS, PsO, and HS-PsO. Secondary outcomes include comorbidity profiles and a comorbidity risk analysis. Results The prevalence and incidence of HS were 0.0681% and 0.0101%, respectively. The prevalence of HS-PsO was 0.004% (6% of the total HS population). HS patients frequently suffered from arterial hypertension (45%), nicotine dependence (46%), obesity (41%), and depression (36%), which were more common in HS-PsO patients compared with HS alone. HS patients had an increased prevalence of metabolic, psychiatric, immune-mediated, and cardiovascular diseases, e.g., overweight/obesity [odds ratio (OR): 2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.37-2.96], depression (OR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.42-1.76), or seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (OR: 2.82, 95% CI 1.61-4.94) compared with the overall population. The increased risk of myocardial infarction in HS patients (OR: 4.1, 95% CI 3.5-4.8, adjusting for age/sex) was largely attributed to patient's current smoking status (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 0.8-1.5, adjusting for smoking/age/sex). Conclusions HS patients show a broad spectrum of inflammatory and metabolic syndrome-related comorbidities, with an increased risk by concurrent PsO. Important for clinical practice, the elevated cardiovascular risk of HS patients can be largely attributed to smoking.