The clinical evaluation of IIA balloon occlusion in caesarean delivery for patients with PAS: a retrospective study

Objective The aim of this study is the clinical evaluation of IIA balloon occlusion in the caesarean delivery in patients with a diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum. Background High incidence of cesarean section leads to the increasing incidence of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), which contributes to serious consequences such as severe obstetric postpartum hemorrhage or even maternal mortality. Methods Fifty-eight patients with a diagnosis of PAS were retrospectively reviewed. The balloon group consisted of 23 patients, who underwent a caesarean delivery with internal iliac artery occlusion. 35 patients were in the control group, who had a standard caesarean delivery. The primary outcomes were estimated blood loss (EBL). The secondary outcomes were cesarean hysterectomy, blood transferring volume, operating time, intraoperative hemostatic approaches, surgical complications, balloon catheter-related complications, length of maternal stay, cost of hospitalization, and neonatal outcomes. Results No difference was observed in estimated blood loss (EBL), blood transferring percentages and volume, additional measures to secure hemostasis, surgical complications, hospital stay postoperatively and newborn outcomes. More than 40% of the balloon group underwent hysterectomy because of uncontrollable postpartum bleeding (10 [43.48%] vs. 11 [31.43%], P=0.350). Complications related to occlusion of IIA did not occur. The duration of the surgery of the balloon group was significantly longer than that of the control group (123.52 min +/- 74.76 versus 89.17 +/- 48.68, P=0.038), and the total hospitalization cost was also significantly higher than that of the control group (45116.67 +/- 9358.67 yuan versus 30615.41 +/- 11587.44 yuan, P=0.000). Conclusion It does not permit to draw final conclusions for us on the effectiveness of the balloons IIA given the heterogeneity of selection of cases undergoing the procedures in the retrospective design. However, it is possible that IIA balloon occlusion may contribute to limiting intraoperative blood loss in more severe cases, particularly those undergoing peripartum hysterectomy.