Liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundations and remediation: 3D numerical simulation

Calibrated Finite Element (FE) simulations are increasingly providing a reliable environment for modelling liquefaction-induced ground deformation. Effects oil foundations and super-structures may be assessed and associated remediation techniques may be explored, within a unified framework. Current capabilities of such a FE framework are demonstrated via a simple 3-dimensional (31)) series of simulations. Ground liquefaction and settlement under the action of a surface load is investigated. Liquefaction hazard mitigation is explored by soil compaction and/or increase of permeability below and around the applied surface load. The potential and limitations of numerical simulation are discussed, along with future research needs and challenges towards more reliable practical application.