Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ Activation in Adult Hearts Facilitates Mitochondrial Function and Cardiac Performance Under Pressure-Overload Condition

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPAR beta/delta) is an essential transcription factor in myocardial metabolism. This study aims to investigate the effects of PPAR beta/delta activation in the adult heart on mitochondrial biology and oxidative metabolism under normal and pressure-overload conditions. We have investigated the effects of cardiac constitutively active PPAR beta/delta in adult mice using a tamoxifen-inducible transgenic approach with Cre-LoxP recombination. The expression of PPAR beta/delta mRNA and protein in cardiomyocytes of adult mice was substantially increased after short-term induction. In these mice, the cardiac expression of key factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, such as PPAR gamma coactivator-1, endogenous antioxidants Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, and catalase, fatty acid, and glucose metabolism, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase Ib, carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, and glucose transporter 4, were upregulated. Subsequently, myocardial oxidative metabolism was elevated concomitant with an increased mitochondrial DNA copy number and an enhanced cardiac performance. Moreover, activation of PPAR beta/delta in the adult heart improved cardiac function and resisted progression to pathological development in mechanical stress condition. We conclude that PPAR beta/delta activation in the adult heart will promote cardiac performance along with transcriptional upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and defense, as well as oxidative metabolism at basal and pressure-overload conditions. (Hypertension. 2011;57:223-230.)