Enhanced Bags of Visual Words Representation Using Spatial Information

In order to achieve fast and robust Traffic Signs Recognition (TSR), we introduced a novel way to incorporate both distance and angle information in the BoVW representation. A novel approach for visual words construction was presented, which takes the spatial information of keypoints into account in order to enhance the quality of visual words generated from extracted keypoints. In this paper, we propose a new method for TSR system based on the Bags of VisualWords (BoVW) approach, using the distance and angle information in the BoVW representation. Second, we proposed a new computationally efficient method to model global spatial distribution of visual words by taking into consideration the spatial relationships of its visual words. Experimental results show that the suggested method could reach comparable performance of the state-of-the-art approaches with less computational complexity and shorter training time.