Sexual dysfunction in female cancer survivors: Addressing the problems and the remedies

This narrative review examines current evidence regarding sexual function in female cancer survivors, focusing on the impact of cancer treatments as well as the evaluation and management of sexual concerns in this population. Sexual dysfunction in female cancer survivors is prevalent, yet underdiagnosed and undertreated. Many healthcare professionals feel ill-equipped to address the sexual health needs of female cancer survivors. Multiple direct and indirect factors can contribute to sexual dysfunction in female cancer survivors, including effects on the hormonal milieu and physical and sexual well-being. Factors influencing sexual function after cancer may be multifaceted, warranting a multidisciplinary approach to care. Validating and normalizing sexual health concerns and providing education and appropriate therapies, as well as timely referral to appropriate sexual health experts, are key to optimizing cancer survivorship care in women. Clinicians should, at a minimum, be aware of the various potential treatment modalities, taking into account contributing physical, psychological and interpersonal factors. Management of sexual health concerns should be individualized based on contributing factors.