UPPER LIMITS FROM FIVE YEARS OF BLAZAR OBSERVATIONS WITH THE VERITAS CHERENKOV TELESCOPES

被引:26
作者
Archambault, S. [1 ]
Archer, A. [2 ]
Benbow, W. [3 ]
Bird, R. [4 ]
Biteau, J. [5 ,6 ]
Buchovecky, M. [7 ]
Buckley, J. H. [2 ]
Bugaev, V. [2 ]
Byrum, K. [8 ]
Cerruti, M. [3 ,36 ]
Chen, X. [9 ,10 ]
Ciupik, L. [11 ]
Connolly, M. P. [12 ]
Cui, W. [13 ]
Eisch, J. D. [14 ]
Errando, M. [15 ]
Falcone, A. [16 ]
Feng, Q. [13 ]
Finley, J. P. [13 ]
Fleischhack, H. [10 ]
Fortin, P. [3 ]
Fortson, L. [17 ]
Furniss, A. [18 ]
Gillanders, G. H. [12 ]
Griffin, S. [1 ]
Grube, J. [11 ]
Gyuk, G. [11 ]
Huetten, M. [10 ]
Hakansson, N. [9 ]
Hanna, D. [1 ]
Holder, J. [19 ,20 ]
Humensky, T. B. [21 ]
Johnson, C. A. [5 ,6 ]
Kaaret, P. [22 ]
Kar, P. [23 ]
Kelley-Hoskins, N. [10 ]
Kertzman, M. [24 ]
Kieda, D. [23 ]
Krause, M. [10 ]
Krennrich, F. [14 ]
Kumar, S. [19 ,20 ]
Lang, M. J. [12 ]
Maier, G. [10 ]
McArthur, S. [13 ]
McCann, A. [1 ]
Meagher, K. [25 ,26 ]
Moriarty, P. [12 ]
Mukherjee, R. [15 ]
Nguyen, T. [25 ,26 ]
Nieto, D. [21 ]
机构
[1] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada
[2] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
[3] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA
[4] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland
[5] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
[6] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
[7] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[8] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
[9] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
[10] DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
[11] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA
[12] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Univ Rd, Galway, Ireland
[13] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
[14] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA
[15] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA
[16] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[17] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
[18] Calif State Univ East Bay, Dept Phys, Hayward, CA 94542 USA
[19] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA
[20] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA
[21] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA
[22] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
[23] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
[24] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA
[25] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[26] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[27] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
[28] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[29] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, Casilla Correo 67 Sucursal 28,C1428ZAA, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
[30] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Phys Sci, Cork, Ireland
[31] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[32] NASA GSFC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[33] Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England
[34] Univ Durham, Ctr Extragalact Astron, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England
[35] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
[36] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE,CNRS, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France
基金
英国科学技术设施理事会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
BL Lacertae objects: general; galaxies: active; gamma rays: galaxies; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; SPECTRUM RADIO QUASARS; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; FERMI-LAT BLAZARS; X-RAY; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLETE SAMPLE;
D O I
10.3847/0004-6256/151/6/142
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Between the beginning of its full-scale scientific operations in 2007 and 2012, the VERITAS Cherenkov telescope array observed more than 130 blazars; of these, 26 were detected as very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray sources. In this work, we present the analysis results of a sample of 114 undetected objects. The observations constitute a total live-time of similar to 570 hr. The sample includes several unidentified Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) sources (located at high Galactic latitude) as well as all the sources from the second Fermi-LAT catalog that are contained within the field of view of the VERITAS observations. We have also performed optical spectroscopy measurements in order to estimate the redshift of some of these blazars that do not have spectroscopic distance estimates. We present new optical spectra from the Kast instrument on the Shane telescope at the Lick observatory for 18 blazars included in this work, which allowed for the successful measurement or constraint on the redshift of four of them. For each of the blazars included in our sample, we provide the flux upper limit in the VERITAS energy band. We also study the properties of the significance distributions and we present the result of a stacked analysis of the data set, which shows a 4s excess.
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页数:19
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