Implications of nutritional modulators in productive performance of pregnant and lactating sows

A meta-analysis was conducted with the aim to assess the use of nutritional modulators and their effects on reproductive performance of pregnant and lactating sows. Bibliographic data, experimental characteristics, and types and levels of nutritional modulators were tabulated. A total of 22,608 sows from 68 studies, published between 1989 and 2017, were included in the meta-analysis. This analysis was conducted sequentially via a graphical, correlation and variance analysis. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the average feed intake and body condition of sows in groups supplemented with L-carnitine, chromium, and somatotropin. L-camitine and chromium supplementation in pregnant sows was found to increase the number of live-born piglets by 2.3% (P < 0.05) and 4.7% (P < 0.01), respectively. Piglet weights were 5.5%, 2.8% and 3.4% higher (P < 0.05) in L-carnitine-, L-arginine-, and somatotropin-supplemented sows than those in the control sows. Somatotropin administration increased the number of weaned piglets by 9.0% (P < 0.05). Responses of body condition of sows to supplementation and the nutritional composition of diets were poorly explored in studies with nutritional modulators, which makes it impossible to reach conclusions about the efficient use of these additives for nutritional adjustments in pregnant and lactating sows. In summary, the performance of litters can be improved in sows supplemented either with L-carnitine, L-arginine, chromium or somatotropin, during gestation and lactation.