Characteristics of Late-phase >100MeV Gamma-Ray Emission in Solar Eruptive Events

被引:61
作者
Share, G. H. [1 ,2 ]
Murphy, R. J. [3 ]
White, S. M.
Tolbert, A. K. [4 ,5 ]
Dennis, B. R. [4 ]
Schwartz, R. A. [4 ,5 ]
Smart, D. F. [6 ]
Shea, M. A. [6 ]
机构
[1] Univ Maryland, Astron Dept, College Pk, MD 20740 USA
[2] Natl Observ Athens, Athens, Greece
[3] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA
[4] NASA, Goddard Spaceflight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[5] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA
[6] SSSRC, Nashua, NH 03062 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会; 欧盟地平线“2020”;
关键词
acceleration of particles; Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission; Sun:; X-rays; gamma rays; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; II RADIO-BURSTS; X-RAY; NEUTRON EMISSION; ACCELERATED ELECTRONS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; PION-DECAY; FLARE; PROTONS;
D O I
10.3847/1538-4357/aaebf7
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We characterize and catalog 30 solar eruptive events observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) having late-phase >100 MeV gamma-ray emission (LPGRE), identified 30 yr ago in what were called long-duration gamma-ray flares. We show that LPGRE is temporally and spectrally distinct from impulsive phase emission in these events. The spectra are consistent with the decay of pions produced by >300 MeV protons and are not consistent with primary electron bremsstrahlung. Impulsive >100 keV X-ray emission was observed in all 27 LPGRE events where observations were made. All but two of the LPGRE events were accompanied by a fast and broad coronal mass ejection (CME). The LPGRE start times range from CME onset to 2 hr later. Their durations range from similar to 0.1 to 20 hr and appear to be correlated with durations of >100 MeV solar energetic particle (SEP) proton events. The power-law spectral indices of the >300 MeV protons producing LPGRE range from similar to 2.5 to 6.5 and vary during some events. Combined gamma-ray line and LAT measurements indicate that LPGRE proton spectra are steeper above 300 MeV than they are below 300 MeV. The number of LPGRE protons >500 MeV is typically about 10x the number in the impulsive phase of the solar eruptive event and ranges in nine events from similar to 0.01x to 0.5x the number in the accompanying SEP event, with large systematic uncertainty. What appears to be late-phase electron bremsstrahlung with energies up to similar to 10 MeV was observed in one LPGRE event. We discuss how current models of LPGRE may explain these characteristics.
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页数:55
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